Ingredient Glossary

Active ingredients are tools, and the best results come from using the right tool for your concern — not all of them at once. This guide is educational and is not medical advice.

Niacinamide

A form of vitamin B3 that helps balance the look of excess oil, refine the appearance of enlarged pores, and even out tone. Generally well tolerated and a good entry-level active.

Hyaluronic Acid

A humectant that draws water to the surface of the skin, giving a plumper, more hydrated look. Best applied to slightly damp skin and sealed with a moisturiser.

Vitamin C

A brightening antioxidant that supports a more even, radiant complexion and helps defend against daily environmental stress. Typically used in the morning under sunscreen.

Retinoids

A family including retinol and retinal that supports the look of firmness and smoothness over time. Powerful but best introduced slowly — a few nights a week — with diligent sun protection.

Salicylic Acid (BHA)

An oil-soluble exfoliant that works inside the pore to clear the look of congestion and blackheads. Well suited to oilier, blemish-prone skin.

Glycolic / Lactic Acid (AHA)

Water-soluble exfoliants that smooth surface texture and boost radiance. Glycolic is more intensive; lactic is gentler and more hydrating.

Peptides

Chains of amino acids that support a smoother, firmer-looking surface. A gentle, non-irritating way to support skin over time.

Squalane

A lightweight, non-greasy emollient that softens and helps support the skin barrier. Suits virtually all skin types and layers well with most actives.

How to layer

• Introduce one new active at a time and give your skin a week or two to adjust before adding another.
• Avoid combining several strong acids, or retinoids with acids on the same night, until your skin is accustomed.
• Use vitamin C and antioxidants in the morning; save retinoids for the evening.
• Always finish with a moisturiser, and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day.